Difference between revisions of "Waltharius380"
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|[[Waltharius358|« previous]] | |[[Waltharius358|« previous]] | ||
|{{Outline| | |{{Outline| | ||
| − | * Prologue | + | * [[WalthariusPrologue|Prologue]] |
| − | * Introduction: the Huns (1–12) | + | * [[Waltharius1|Introduction: the Huns (1–12)]] |
* The Huns (13–418) | * The Huns (13–418) | ||
| − | ** The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33) | + | ** [[Waltharius13|The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33)]] |
| − | ** The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74) | + | ** [[Waltharius34|The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74)]] |
| − | ** The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92) | + | ** [[Waltharius75|The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92)]] |
| − | ** Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115) | + | ** [[Waltharius93|Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115)]] |
| − | ** Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122) | + | ** [[Waltharius116|Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122)]] |
| − | ** Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) | + | ** [[Waltharius123|Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141)]] |
| − | ** Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) | + | ** [[Waltharius142|Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169)]] |
| − | ** Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214) | + | ** [[Waltharius170|Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)]] |
** The Escape (215–418) | ** The Escape (215–418) | ||
| − | *** Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) | + | *** [[Waltharius215|Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255)]] |
| − | *** Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286) | + | *** [[Waltharius256|Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286)]] |
| − | *** Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323) | + | *** [[Waltharius287|Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323)]] |
| − | *** Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357) | + | *** [[Waltharius324|Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357)]] |
| − | *** The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379) | + | *** [[Waltharius358|The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379)]] |
*** '''Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)''' | *** '''Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)''' | ||
* The Single Combats (419–1061) | * The Single Combats (419–1061) | ||
** Diplomacy (419–639) | ** Diplomacy (419–639) | ||
| − | *** Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435) | + | *** [[Waltharius419|Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435)]] |
| − | *** Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488) | + | *** [[Waltharius436|Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488)]] |
| − | *** Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512) | + | *** [[Waltharius489|Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512)]] |
| − | *** Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531) | + | *** [[Waltharius513|Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531)]] |
| − | *** Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571) | + | *** [[Waltharius532|Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571)]] |
| − | *** Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580) | + | *** [[Waltharius571|Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580)]] |
| − | *** Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616) | + | *** [[Waltharius581|Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616)]] |
| − | *** Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639) | + | *** [[Waltharius617|Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639)]] |
** Combat (640–1061) | ** Combat (640–1061) | ||
| − | *** 1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685) | + | *** [[Waltharius640|1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685)]] |
| − | *** 2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719) | + | *** [[Waltharius686|2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719)]] |
| − | *** Gunther encourages his men (720–724) | + | *** [[Waltharius720|Gunther encourages his men (720–724)]] |
| − | *** 3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753) | + | *** [[Waltharius725|3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753)]] |
| − | *** 4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780) | + | *** [[Waltharius754|4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780)]] |
| − | *** 5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845) | + | *** [[Waltharius781|5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845)]] |
| − | *** Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877) | + | *** [[Waltharius846|Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)]] |
| − | *** 6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913) | + | *** [[Waltharius878|6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913)]] |
| − | *** 7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940) | + | *** [[Waltharius914|7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940)]] |
| − | *** Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961) | + | *** [[Waltharius941|Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961)]] |
| − | *** 8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981) | + | *** [[Waltharius962|8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981)]] |
| − | *** Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061) | + | *** [[Waltharius981|Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061)]] |
* The Final Combat (1062–1452) | * The Final Combat (1062–1452) | ||
| − | ** Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088) | + | ** [[Waltharius1062|Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088)]] |
| − | ** Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129) | + | ** [[Waltharius1089|Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129)]] |
| − | ** Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187) | + | ** [[Waltharius1130|Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187)]] |
| − | ** The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207) | + | ** [[Waltharius1188|The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207)]] |
| − | ** Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236) | + | ** [[Waltharius1208|Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236)]] |
| − | ** Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279) | + | ** [[Waltharius1237|Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279)]] |
| − | ** The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345) | + | ** [[Waltharius1280|The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345)]] |
| − | ** Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375) | + | ** [[Waltharius1346|Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375)]] |
| − | ** Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395) | + | ** [[Waltharius1376|Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395)]] |
| − | ** Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442) | + | ** [[Waltharius1396|Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442)]] |
| − | ** The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452) | + | ** [[Waltharius1443|The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452)]] |
| − | * Epilogue (1453–1456)}} | + | * [[Waltharius1453|Epilogue (1453–1456)]]}} |
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|[[Waltharius419|next »]] | |[[Waltharius419|next »]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:22, 28 August 2009
Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418)
| Iam princeps nimia succenditur efferus ira, | 380 | Prudentius, Psychomachia 150: succenditur effera. ‘Wild passion fires her.’ Liber Hester 1.12: unde iratus rex et nimio furore succensus . . .’Whereupon the king, being angry, and inflamed with a very great fury. . .’
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SDSDDS | |||
| Mutant laetitiam maerentia corda priorem. | SDSDDS | |||||
| Ex humeris trabeam discindit ad infima totam | Secundum Mattheum 26.65: princeps sacerdotum scidit vestimenta sua. ‘The high priest rent his garments.’ Aeneid 5.685: tum pius Aeneas humeris abscindere vestem. ‘Then loyal Aeneas rent the garment from his shoulders.’ 11.334: sellam regni trabeamque insignia nostri. . . ‘A throne and robe, signs of our royalty. . .’
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DDSDDS | ||||
| Et nunc huc animum tristem, nunc dividit illuc. | Aeneid 4.285, 8.20: utque animum nunc huc celerem, nunc dividit illuc. . . ‘And as he casts his swift mind this way and that. . .’
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SDSSDS | ||||
| Ac velut Aeolicis turbatur arena procellis, | Aeineid 5.790-791.: maria omnia caelo/ miscuit, Aeoliis nequiquam freta procellis. ‘All the seas she mingled with the sky, in vain relying on the storms of Aeolus.’
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DDSDDS | ||||
| Sic intestinis rex fluctuat undique curis, | 385 | Aeineid 8.19: magno curarum fluctuat aestu. ‘He tosses on a mighty sea of troubles.’ 4.532: magnoque irarum fluctuat aestu. ‘She heaves with a mighty tide of passion.’ 4.564: variosque irarum concitat aestus. ‘She awakens the swirling surge of passion.’
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SSSDDS | |||
| Et varium pectus vario simul ore imitatus, | Pectus: i.e., emotional state
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DSDDDS Elision: ore imitatus |
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| Prodidit exterius, quicquid toleraverat intus, | DDSDDS | |||||
| Iraque sermonem permisit promere nullum. | DSSSDS | |||||
| Ipso quippe die potum fastidit et escam, | SDSSDS | |||||
| Nec placidam membris potuit dare cura quietem. | 390 | Aeineid 4.5: nec placidam membris dat cura quietem. ‘Longing witholds calm rest from her limbs.’ 1.691-692.: placidam per membra quietem/ inrigat. ‘She pours gentle repose over the limbs.’ 8.30: seramque dedit per membra quietem. ‘He let sleep at last steal over his limbs.’ 10.217: neque enim membris dat cura quietem. ‘Care allows no rest to his limbs.’
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DSDDDS | |||
| Namque ubi nox rebus iam dempserat atra colores, | Aeineid 6.272: rebus nox abstulit atra colorem. ‘Black night has stolen from the world her hues.’
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DSSDDS Elision: namque ubi |
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| Decidit in lectum, verus nec lumina clausit, | Liber I Macchabeorum 1.6, 6.8: decidit in lectum. ‘He fell down upon his bed.’
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DSSSDS | ||||
| Nunc latus in dextrum fultus nunc inque sinistrum, | Eclogue 6.53: ille latus niveum molli fultus hyacintho. . . ‘He, pillowing his snowy side on soft hyacinths. . .’
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DSSSDS | ||||
| Et veluti iaculo pectus transfixus acuto | Aeineid 11.574: iaculo palmas armavit acuto. ‘He armed her hands with a pointed lance.’
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DDSSDS | ||||
| Palpitat atque caput huc et mox iactitat illuc, | 395 | DDSSDS | ||||
| Et modo subrectus fulcro consederat amens. | DSSSDS | |||||
| Nec iuvat hoc, demum surgens discurro in urbe, | Aeineid 4.68-69.: uritur infelix Dido totaque vagatur/ urbe furens. ‘Unhappy Dido burns, and through the city wanders in frenzy.’ 7.377: sine more furit lymphata per urbem. ‘In wild frenzy she rages from end to end of the city.’
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DSSSDS | ||||
| Atque thorum veniens simul attigit atque reliquit. | Thorum equiv. to torum
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DDDDDS False quantities: atque thorum? |
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| Taliter insomnem consumpserat Attila noctem. | Aeineid 9.166-167.: noctem custodia ducit/ insomnem. ‘The guards spend the sleepless night.’ Liber Hester 6.1: noctem illam rex duxit insomnem. ‘That night the king passed without sleep.’ Aeineid 2.795: consumpta nocte. . . ‘When night is spent. . .’
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DSSDDS | ||||
| At profugi comites per amica silentia euntes | 400 | Aeineid 2.255: tacitae per amica silentia lunae. . . ‘Amid the friendly silence of the mute moon. . .’
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DDDDDS Elision: silentia euntes |
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| Suspectam properant post terga relinquere terram. | Aeineid 3.550: suspectaque linquimus arva. ‘We leave the fields we distrust.’ Ovid, Metamorphoses 2.187: multum caeli post terga relictum. ‘Much of the sky is now behind him.’
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SDSDDS | ||||
| Vix tamen erupit cras, rex patribusque vocatis | Vix…erupit cras equiv. to postridie, prima luce
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Isaias Propheta 58.8: erumpet quasi mane lumen tuum. ‘Then shall thy light break forth as the morning.’ Aeineid 11.379: patribusque vocati. . . ‘When the senate is summoned. . .’
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DSSDDS | |||
| Dixerat: 'o si quis mihi Waltharium fugientem | Statius, Thebaid 8.739-740.: o caput, o mihi si quis/ adportet, Melanippe, tuum! ‘Thy head, O Melanippus, could one but bring me that!’
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DSDDDS | ||||
| Afferat evinctum ceu nequam forte liciscam! | Liciscam: “wolf-dog,” the product of interbreeding.
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Statius, Thebaid 8.739-740.: o caput, o mihi si quis/ adportet, Melanippe, tuum! ‘Thy head, O Melanippus, could one but bring me that!’
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DSSSDS | |||
| Hunc ego mox auro vestirem saepe recocto | 405 | Auro: Attila seems to allude to custom among Germanic tribes of allowing a murderer to escape justice if he covered his victim’s body in gold; here a living man will be covered in gold if he brings Waltharius back alive. Attila’s promise of a reward, repeated thrice in varied form, in fact has something sinister and even threatening about it. Recocto: “refined”
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Aeineid 8.624: levis ocreas electro auroque recocto. . . ‘The smooth greaves of electrum and refined gold. . .’ Liber Exodi 30.3: vesties illud auro purissimo. ‘And thou shalt overlay it with the purest gold.’
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DSSSDS | ||
| Et tellure quidem stantem hinc inde onerarem | SDSSDS Elision: inde onerarem Hiatus: stantem hinc |
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| Atque viam penitus clausissem vivo talentis. | Clausissem equiv. to clauderem
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DDSSDS | ||||
| Sed nullus fuit in tanta regione tyrannus | Tyrannus: apparently “prince” or a neighboring “king.”
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Aeineid 10.714-715.: iustae quibus est Mezentius irae,/ non ulli est animus stricto concurrere ferro,/ missilibus longe et vasto clamore lacessunt. ‘Of all those who had righteous hatred of Mezentius, none had heart to meet him with drawn sword; from a distance they provoke him with missiles and far-echoing shouts.’
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SDSDDS | |||
| Vel dux sive comes seu miles sive minister, | Dux…comes…miles…minister: continues the series of various positions at the royal court in descending order of rank. A “duke” among the Franks was an administrator who oversaw a number of smaller regions placed under “counts,” beneath whom came “free vassals” and finally “servants.”
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Aeineid 10.714-715.: iustae quibus est Mezentius irae,/ non ulli est animus stricto concurrere ferro,/ missilibus longe et vasto clamore lacessunt. ‘Of all those who had righteous hatred of Mezentius, none had heart to meet him with drawn sword; from a distance they provoke him with missiles and far-echoing shouts.’
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SDSSDS | |||
| Qui, quamvis cuperet proprias ostendere vires | 410 | Aeineid 10.714-715.: iustae quibus est Mezentius irae,/ non ulli est animus stricto concurrere ferro,/ missilibus longe et vasto clamore lacessunt. ‘Of all those who had righteous hatred of Mezentius, none had heart to meet him with drawn sword; from a distance they provoke him with missiles and far-echoing shouts.’
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SDDSDS | |||
| Ac virtute sua laudem captare perennem | Aeineid 10.714-715.: iustae quibus est Mezentius irae,/ non ulli est animus stricto concurrere ferro,/ missilibus longe et vasto clamore lacessunt. ‘Of all those who had righteous hatred of Mezentius, none had heart to meet him with drawn sword; from a distance they provoke him with missiles and far-echoing shouts.’
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SDSSDS | ||||
| Ambiretque simul gazam infarcire cruminis, | Ambiret equiv. to studeret Infarcire cruminis: “to stuff his money-pouches”
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Aeineid 10.714-715.: iustae quibus est Mezentius irae,/ non ulli est animus stricto concurrere ferro,/ missilibus longe et vasto clamore lacessunt. ‘Of all those who had righteous hatred of Mezentius, none had heart to meet him with drawn sword; from a distance they provoke him with missiles and far-echoing shouts.’
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SDDSDS Hiatus: NOT H-HIATUS: gazam infarcire |
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| Waltharium tamen iratum praesumpserit armis | Aeineid 10.714-715.: iustae quibus est Mezentius irae,/ non ulli est animus stricto concurrere ferro,/ missilibus longe et vasto clamore lacessunt. ‘Of all those who had righteous hatred of Mezentius, none had heart to meet him with drawn sword; from a distance they provoke him with missiles and far-echoing shouts.’
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DDSSDS | ||||
| Insequier strictoque virum mucrone videre. | Aeineid 10.714-715.: iustae quibus est Mezentius irae,/ non ulli est animus stricto concurrere ferro,/ missilibus longe et vasto clamore lacessunt. ‘Of all those who had righteous hatred of Mezentius, none had heart to meet him with drawn sword; from a distance they provoke him with missiles and far-echoing shouts.’
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DSDSDS | ||||
| Nota equidem virtus, experti sunt quoque, quantas | 415 | Aeneid 9.526-527.: quas ibi tum ferro strages, quae funera Turnus/ ediderit. ‘. . .While I sing what slaughter, what deaths Turnus dealt on that day.’ 9.784-785.: tantas strages impune per urbem/ ediderit? ‘Shall he deal such carnage thoughout the city and go unpunished?’
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DSSSDS Elision: nota equidem |
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| Incolumis dederit strages sine vulnere victor. | Aeneid 9.526-527.: quas ibi tum ferro strages, quae funera Turnus/ ediderit. ‘. . .While I sing what slaughter, what deaths Turnus dealt on that day.’ 9.784-785.: tantas strages impune per urbem/ ediderit? ‘Shall he deal such carnage thoughout the city and go unpunished?’
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DDSDDS | ||||
| Nec potis est ullum rex persuadere virorum, | DSSSDS | |||||
| Qui promissa velit hac condicione talenta. | SDSDDS |
