Waltharius725

Tertius en Werinhardus abit bellumque lacessit,	725		Aeineid 5.318: primus abit. . .Nisus. ‘Away goes Nisus first.’ 5.495-496: tertius Eurytion, tuus, o clarissime, frater,/ Pandare, qui quondam, iussus confundere foedus,/ in medios telum torsisti primus Achivos. ‘Third is Eurytion, your brother, famous Pandarus who of old, when bidden to confound the treaty, first hurled a shaft amid the Achaeans.’ 5.429: pugnamque lacessunt. ‘They provoke the fray.’		DDDSDS
Quamlibet ex longa generatus stirpe nepotum,		Here the poet gives a four-line apostrophic address to Werinhardus’s distant progenitor, the Trojan Pandaros, who is tricked by Athena into breaking a truce with the Greeks by firing an arrow at Menelaus (Il. 4.70 ff.). Cf. line 28.	Aeineid 5.318: primus abit. . .Nisus. ‘Away goes Nisus first.’ 5.495-496: tertius Eurytion, tuus, o clarissime, frater,/ Pandare, qui quondam, iussus confundere foedus,/ in medios telum torsisti primus Achivos. ‘Third is Eurytion, your brother, famous Pandarus who of old, when bidden to confound the treaty, first hurled a shaft amid the Achaeans.’ 5.429: pugnamque lacessunt. ‘They provoke the fray.’ Aeineid 6.864: filius, anne aliquis magna de stirpe nepotum. ‘Is it his son, or some other of his progeny’s heroic line?’		DSDSDS
O vir clare, tuus cognatus et artis amator,		Artis: sc. sagittandi, cf. line 730.			SDSDDS
Pandare, qui quondam iussus confundere foedus					DSSSDS
In medios telum torsisti primus Achivos.					DSSSDS
Hic spernens hastam pharetram gestavit et arcum,	730		Prudentius, Psychomachia 437: arcum pharetramque. . . ‘His bow and quiver. . .’ Aeineid 1.336: mos est gestare pharetram. ‘It is the custom to wear a quiver.’		SSDSDS
Eminus emissis haud aequo Marte sagittis			Prudentius, Psychomachia 133-134.: iaculorum/ nube supervacuam lassaverat inrita dextram,/ cum ventosa levi cecidissent tela volatu,/ iactibus et vacuis hastilia fracta iacerent,/ vertitur ad capulum manus improba. ‘When she had by showering javelins tired out her right hand with no success till it was useless, since her missiles, having no force in their flight, fell ineffectual, and the shafts, all idly cast, lay broken on the ground, her ruthless hand turned to her sword-hilt.’ Aeneid 10.801-802.: perturbantque eminus hostem/ missilibus. They beat back the foe with missiles from a distance.’ 7.540: aequo. . .Marte geruntur. ‘They fight in even warfare.’		DSSSDS
Waltharium turbans. contra tamen ille virilis			Prudentius, Psychomachia 133-134.: iaculorum/ nube supervacuam lassaverat inrita dextram,/ cum ventosa levi cecidissent tela volatu,/ iactibus et vacuis hastilia fracta iacerent,/ vertitur ad capulum manus improba. ‘When she had by showering javelins tired out her right hand with no success till it was useless, since her missiles, having no force in their flight, fell ineffectual, and the shafts, all idly cast, lay broken on the ground, her ruthless hand turned to her sword-hilt.’ Aeneid 10.801-802.: perturbantque eminus hostem/ missilibus. They beat back the foe with missiles from a distance.’ 7.540: aequo. . .Marte geruntur. ‘They fight in even warfare.’		DSSDDS
Constitit opponens clipei septemplicis orbem,			Aeineid 12.924-925.: recludit/ loricae et clipei extremos septemplicis orbis. ‘It pierces the corslet’s rim and the sevenfold shield’s outermost circle.’		DSDSDS
Saepius eludens venientes providus ictus.			Aeineid 5.437-438.: nisuque immotus eodem,/ corpore tela modo atque oculis vigilantibus exit. ‘Motionless, unmoved in stance, shunning blows with body and watchful eyes alone.’ 5.444-445.: ille ictum venientem a vertice velox/ praevidit celerique elapsus corpore cessit. ‘He speedily foresaw the down-coming blow and, slipping aside with nimble body, foiled it.’		DSDSDS
Nam modo dissiluit, parmam modo vergit in austrum	735	In austrum: as a periphrasis for “upwards” variously explained: “towards the South,” i.e., where the sun is when at its highest point, or perhaps equiv. to ad ventum, i.e., ad auras.			DDSDDS
Telaque discussit, nullum tamen attigit illum.					DSSDDS
Postquam Pandarides se consumpsisse sagittas					SDSSDS
Incassum videt, iratus mox exerit ensem			Prudentius, Psychomachia 471-472.: non timet ensem/ exerere.’ He fears not to unsheath his sword.’		SDSSDS
Et demum advolitans has iactitat ore loquelas:			Aeineid 5.842: funditque has ore loquelas. ‘He pours these accents from his lips.’		SDSDDS Elision: demum advolitans
O si ventosos lusisti callide iactus,	740		Prudentius, Contra Orationem Symmachi 655: ludere ventosas iactu pereunte saggitas. . . ‘To parry the shafts so that the shots are vain and ineffectual. . .’ Prudentius, Psychomachia 135: ventosa levi cecidissent tela volatu. ‘Her missiles, having no force in their flight, fell ineffectual.’		SSSSDS
Forsan vibrantis dextrae iam percipis ictum.'			Prudentius, Contra Orationem Symmachi 655: ludere ventosas iactu pereunte saggitas. . . ‘To parry the shafts so that the shots are vain and ineffectual. . .’ Prudentius, Psychomachia 135: ventosa levi cecidissent tela volatu. ‘Her missiles, having no force in their flight, fell ineffectual.’		SSSSDS
Olli Waltharius ridenti pectore adorsus:			Aeineid 9.410-411.: olli subridens sedato pectore Turnus. . . ‘To him [said] Turnus, smiling in untroubled mood. . .’		SDSSDS Elision: pectore adorsus
Iamque diu satis expecto certamina iusto		Iusto pondere: not, as Wieland has it, “with the same weapons on either side,” but “with appropriate seriousness.”	Liber Deuteronomii 25.15: pondus habebis iustum. ‘Thy bushel shall be equal.’		DDSSDS
Pondere agi. festina, in me mora non erit ulla.'			Eclogue 3.52: in me mora non erit ulla. ‘With me there’ll be no delay.’		DSSDDS Elision: pondere agi; festina in
Dixerat et toto conixus corpore ferrum	745		Aeneid 9.410-411.: dixerat et toto conixus corpore ferrum/ conicit. hasta volans. . . ‘He ended, and with all his straining body flung the stee. The flying spear. . .’		DSSSDS
Conicit. hasta volans pectus reseravit equinum:			Aeneid 9.410-411.: dixerat et toto conixus corpore ferrum/ conicit. hasta volans. . . ‘He ended, and with all his straining body flung the stee. The flying spear. . .’ Ovid, Metamorphoses 6.663: reserato pectore. . . ‘With his breast laid open. . .’		DDSDDS
Tollit se arrectum quadrupes et calcibus auras			Aeneid 10.892-893.: tollit se arrectum quadripes et calcibus auras/ verberat, effusumque equitem super ipse secutus/ implicat. . .advolat Aeneas vaginaque eripit ensem. ‘The steed rears up, lashes the air with its feet, then throws the rider and itself coming down from above, entangles him; then falls on him in a headlong plunge. . .Aeneas rushes up and tears his sword from the scabbard.’ 11.638-639.: quo sonipes ictu furit arduus altaque iactat/ vulneris impatiens arrecto pectore crura,/ volvitur ille excussus humi. ‘At this blow the charger rears furious and, unable to bear the wound, with chest raised flings his legs on high; unseated, [Remulus] rolls on the ground.’		SSDSDS Elision: se arrectum
Verberat effundensque equitem cecidit super illum.		Equitem: here with its usual meaning, “knight, rider.”	Aeneid 10.892-893.: tollit se arrectum quadripes et calcibus auras/ verberat, effusumque equitem super ipse secutus/ implicat. . .advolat Aeneas vaginaque eripit ensem. ‘The steed rears up, lashes the air with its feet, then throws the rider and itself coming down from above, entangles him; then falls on him in a headlong plunge. . .Aeneas rushes up and tears his sword from the scabbard.’ 11.638-639.: quo sonipes ictu furit arduus altaque iactat/ vulneris impatiens arrecto pectore crura,/ volvitur ille excussus humi. ‘At this blow the charger rears furious and, unable to bear the wound, with chest raised flings his legs on high; unseated, [Remulus] rolls on the ground.’		DSDDDS Elision: effundensque equitem
Currit iuvenis et ei vi diripit ensem.					SDDSDS False quantities: iuvenis
Casside discussa crines complectitur albos	750		Aeineid 2.552: implicuitque comam laeva. ‘He wound his left hand in his hair.’ 7.417-418.; 9.651: crines albos. . . ‘White locks. . .’		DSSSDS
Multiplicesque preces nectenti dixerat heros:			Aeineid 10.599-600.: pluribus oranti Aeneas: ‘haud talia dudum/ dicta dabas.’ ‘As he continued to plead, Aeneas said: “Not such were your words before.” ’ 11.697: oranti et multa precanti. . . ‘Imploring and making many prayers for mercy. . .’		DDSSDS
Talia non dudum iactabas dicta per auras.'		Dudum equiv. to nuper	Aeineid 10.599-600.: pluribus oranti Aeneas: ‘haud talia dudum/ dicta dabas.’ ‘As he continued to plead, Aeneas said: “Not such were your words before.” ’ 11.697: oranti et multa precanti. . . ‘Imploring and making many prayers for mercy. . .’		DSSSDS
Haec ait et truncum secta cervice reliquit.			Aeineid 1.296: haec ait. ‘He spoke this.’ Prudentius, Psychomachia 282: tunc caput orantis flexa cervice resectum/eripit. ‘Then, though she begs for mercy, she bends the neck and severs the head.’ Aeineid 9.332: tum caput ipsi aufert domino truncumque reliquit. ‘Then he lops off the head of their lord himself, and leaves the trunk.’ 12.382: abstulit ense caput truncumque reliquit harenae. ‘With the blade he struck off his head, and left the body on the sand.’		DSSSDS

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Prologue Introduction: the Huns (1–12) The Huns (13–418) The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33) The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74) The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92) Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115) Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122) Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214) The Escape (215–418) Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286) Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323) Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357) The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379) Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418) The Single Combats (419–1061) Diplomacy (419–639) Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435) Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488) Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512) Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531) Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571) Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580) Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616) Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639) Combat (640–1061) 1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685) 2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719) Gunther encourages his men (720–724) 3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753) 4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780) 5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845) Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877) 6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913) 7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940) Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961) 8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981) Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061) The Final Combat (1062–1452) Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088) Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129) Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187) The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207) Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236) Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279) The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345) Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375) Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395) Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442) The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452) Epilogue (1453–1456)

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