Waltharius846

Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877)

Sextus erat Patavrid. soror hunc germana Haganonis			Aeineid 10.810-811: Lausum increpitat Lausoque minatur: ‘quo moriture ruis maioraque viribus audes?/ fallit te incautum pietas tua.’ ‘He chides Lausus and threatens Lausus: “Where are you rushing to death, with your daring beyond your strength? Your love is betraying you into rashness.” ’		DDDSDS Elision: H-ELISION: germana Haganonis
Protulit ad lucem. quem dum procedere vidit,		Quem: Patavrid; the subject is Hagen, watching from his hill.	Aeineid 10.810-811: Lausum increpitat Lausoque minatur: ‘quo moriture ruis maioraque viribus audes?/ fallit te incautum pietas tua.’ ‘He chides Lausus and threatens Lausus: “Where are you rushing to death, with your daring beyond your strength? Your love is betraying you into rashness.” ’		DSSSDS
Vocibus et precibus conatur avunculus inde		Avunculus: cf. Tac. Germ. 20 on the importance of this familial relationship among the Germanic tribes.			DDSDDS
Flectere proclamans: 'quonam ruis? aspice mortem,			Aeineid 12.800: precibusque inflectere nostris. ‘Yield to my entreaties.’ Aeineid 10.811: quo moriture ruis? ‘Where are you rushing to death?’ Prudentius, Psychomachia 352: quo ruitis? ‘To what fate are you rushing?’		DSSDDS
Qualiter arridet! desiste! en ultima Parcae	850	Parcae: the three sisters of Classical antiquity who controlled the destiny of humans, also known as the Fates or Moirae, had a counterpart in the Germanic Norns.	Aeineid 12.60: unum oro: desiste manum committere Teucris. ‘One boon I beg: forbear to join combat with the Trojans.’ 10.814-815.: extrema Lauso/ Parcae fila legunt. ‘The Fates gather up Lausus’ last threads.’		DSSSDS Elision: desiste en
Fila legunt. o care nepos, te mens tua fallit.			Aeineid 10.812: fallit te incautum pietas tua. ‘Your love is betraying you into rashness.’		DSDSDS
Desine! Waltharii tu denique viribus impar.'			Aeineid 12.800: desine iam tandem. ‘Cease now, I pray you.’ 10.458-459.: si qua fors adiuvet ausum/ viribus imparibus. . . ‘In the hope that chance would aid the venture of his ill-matched strength. . .’ Ovid, Metamorphoses 5.610: ego viribus inpar. . . ‘I, being ill-matched in strength. . .’ Lucan, De Bello Civili 2.607-608.: sic viribus inpar/ tradidit Hesperiam. ‘Thus he surrendered Italy to his stronger rival.’		DDSDDS
Infelix tamen ille means haec omnia sprevit,					SDDSDS
Arsit enim venis laudem captare cupiscens.			Aeineid 12.71: ardet in arma magis. ‘He burns yet more for the fray.’		DSSSDS
Tristatusque Hagano suspiria pectore longa	855		Aeineid 1.371: suspirans imoque trahens a pectore vocem. . . ‘Sighing and drawing every word deep from his breast. . .’ Ovid, Metamorphoses 10.402-403.: suspiria duxit ab imo/ pectore. ‘She sighed deeply from the bottom of her heart.’		SDSDDS Elision: H-ELISION: tristatusque Hagano
Traxit et has imo fudit de corde loquelas:			Aeineid 5.842: funditque has ore loquelas. ‘He pours these accents from his lips.’		DSSSDS
O vortex mundi, fames insatiatus habendi,		Insatiatus equiv. to insatiata, an anomaly.	Prudentius, Psychomachia 478-479.: nec parcit propriis amor insatiatus habendi/ pigneribus. ‘The insatiable love of possession spares not his own dear ones.’ Hamartigenia 254-255.: sorbeat ut cumulos nummorum faucibus amplis/ gurges avaritiae, finis quam nullus habendi/ temperat. . .inde seges scelerum, radix et sola malorum. ‘The maw of greed swallows piles of money down its wide throat, since no limit of possession controls it. . .Hence comes a crop of sins and the sole root of evil.’ Epistula Ad Timotheum I 6.10: radix enim omnium malorum est cupiditas. ‘For the desire of money is the root of all evils.’		SSDDDS
Gurges avaritiae, cunctorum fibra malorum!		Fibra equiv. to radix	Prudentius, Psychomachia 478-479.: nec parcit propriis amor insatiatus habendi/ pigneribus. ‘The insatiable love of possession spares not his own dear ones.’ Hamartigenia 254-255.: sorbeat ut cumulos nummorum faucibus amplis/ gurges avaritiae, finis quam nullus habendi/ temperat. . .inde seges scelerum, radix et sola malorum. ‘The maw of greed swallows piles of money down its wide throat, since no limit of possession controls it. . .Hence comes a crop of sins and the sole root of evil.’ Epistula Ad Timotheum I 6.10: radix enim omnium malorum est cupiditas. ‘For the desire of money is the root of all evils.’		DDSSDS
O utinam solum gluttires dira metallum		Dira: sc. Avaritia			DSSSDS Hiatus: o utinam
Divitiasque alias, homines impune remittens!	860				DDDSDS Elision: divitiasque alias
Sed tu nunc homines perverso numine perflans			Aeineid 7.584: contra fata deum perverso numine poscunt. ‘Despite the oracles of gods, with perverse will clamour for unholy war.’		SDSSDS
Incendis nullique suum iam sufficit. ecce					SSDSDS
Non trepidant mortem pro lucro incurrere turpem.					DSSSDS Elision: lucro incurrere
Quanto plus retinent, tanto sitis ardet habendi.			Boethius, Philosophiae Consolationis 2.2.17-18.: largis potius muneribus fluens/ sitis ardescit habendi. ‘Even in those whose wealth is overflowing, the thirst for gain still burns.’ 2.5.26: fervens amor ardet habendi. ‘The hot lust for gain burns.’		SDSDDS
Externis modo vi modo furtive potiuntur	865	Retinent equiv. to habent Tanto: sc. magis			SDDSDS
Et, quod plus renovat gemitus lacrimasque ciebit,			Aeineid 6.468: lacrimasque ciebat. ‘He stirred up tears.’		SDDDDS
Caeligenas animas Erebi fornace retrudunt.		Caeligenas: “born from heaven”			DDDSDS
Ecce ego dilectum nequeo revocare nepotem,					DSDDDS Elision: ecce ego
Instimulatus enim de te est, o saeva cupido.			Statius, Silvae 2.1.214: saeva cupido. . . ‘Fierce desire. . .’		DDSSDS Elision: te est
En caecus mortem properat gustare nefandam	870		Secundum Mattheum 16.28: non gustabunt mortem. ‘They will not taste death.’		SSDSDS
Et vili pro laude cupit descendere ad umbras.			Aeineid 6.404: imas Erebi descendit ad umbras. ‘He descends to the lowest shades of Erebus.’		SSDSDS Elision: descendere ad
Heu, mihi care nepos, quid matri, perdite, mandas?		Quid equiv. to Quae ultima verba			DDSSDS
Quis nuper ductam refovebit, care, maritam,					SSDSDS
Cui nec, rapte spei, pueri ludicra dedisti?		Pueri: objective genitive	Prudentius, Psychomachia 298: expertus pueri quid possint ludicra parvi. ‘He found what a little child’s toy can do.’		SSDSDS
Quis tibi nam furor est? unde haec dementia venit?'	875		Georgics 4.495: quis tantus furor? ‘What dreadful madness. . .?’ Aeineid 5.670: quis furor iste novus? ‘What strange madness is this?’ Prudentius, Psychomachia 351: quis furor insanas agitat caligine mentes? ‘What blinding madness is vexing your disordered minds?’ Aeineid 6.373: unde haec, o Palinure, tibi tam dira cupido? ‘Whence, Palinurus, comes this wild longing of yours?’9.601: quae vos dementia adegit? ‘What madness has driven you?’		DDSSDS Elision: unde haec
Sic ait et gremium lacrimis conspersit obortis,			Aeineid 4.30: sic effata sinum lacrimis implevit obortis. ‘So saying, she filled her breast with upwelling tears.’ 3.492: hos ego digrediens lacrimis adfabar obortis. ‘My tears welled up as I spoke to them my parting words.’ 6.867: tum pater Anchises lacrimis ingressus obortis. ‘Then, as his tears well up, Father Anchises begins.’		DDDSDS
Et longum 'formose, vale' singultibus edit.			Eclogue 3.79: et longum, ‘formose, vale, vale,’ inquit, Iolla. ‘She cried in halting accents, Iollas: “Farewell, farewell, my lovely!” ’		SSDSDS

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Prologue Introduction: the Huns (1–12) The Huns (13–418) The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33) The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74) The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92) Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115) Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122) Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214) The Escape (215–418) Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286) Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323) Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357) The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379) Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418) The Single Combats (419–1061) Diplomacy (419–639) Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435) Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488) Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512) Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531) Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571) Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580) Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616) Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639) Combat (640–1061) 1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685) 2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719) Gunther encourages his men (720–724) 3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753) 4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780) 5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845) Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877) 6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913) 7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940) Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961) 8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981) Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061) The Final Combat (1062–1452) Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088) Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129) Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187) The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207) Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236) Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279) The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345) Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375) Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395) Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442) The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452) Epilogue (1453–1456)

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