Waltharius1188

Lucifer interea praeco scandebat Olympo			Aeneid 2.801-802.: iamque iugis summae surgebat Lucifer Idae/ ducebatque diem. ‘And now above Ida’s topmost ridges the day star was rising, ushering in the morn.’		DDSSDS
Dicens: 'Taprobane clarum videt insula solem.'		Taprobane: the Roman name for Sri Lanka			SDSDDS
Hora fuit, gelidus qua terram irrorat Eous.	1190	Gelidus equiv. to gelidam, by hypallage.	Georgics 1.287-288.: multa adeo gelida melius se nocte dedere/ aut cum sole novo terras inrorat Eous. ‘There are may things, too, that make better progress in the cool of night, or when at early sunrise the day star bedews the earth.’		DDSSDS Elision: terram irrorat False quantities: Eous
Aggreditur iuvenis caesos spoliarier armis			Aeneid 11.80: addit equos et tela quibus spoliaverat hostem. . . ‘He adds the horses and armour of which he had stripped the foe.’		DDSDDS
Armorumque habitu, tunicas et cetera linquens:			Aeneid 9.357-358.: multa virum solido argento perfecta relinquunt. . .'Euryalus phaleras Rhamnetis et aurea bullis/ cingula. . .rapit. ‘Many a soldier’s arms, wrought in solid silver, they leave behind. . .Euryalus takes the trappings of Rhamnes and his gold-studded sword belt.’ Prudentius, Psychomachia 475-476.: fulgentia bullis/ cingula. . . ‘The belt with its shining studs. . .’		SDDSDS Elision: armorumque habitu
Armillas tantum, cum bullis baltea et enses,			Aeneid 9.357-358.: multa virum solido argento perfecta relinquunt. . .'Euryalus phaleras Rhamnetis et aurea bullis/ cingula. . .rapit. ‘Many a soldier’s arms, wrought in solid silver, they leave behind. . .Euryalus takes the trappings of Rhamnes and his gold-studded sword belt.’ Prudentius, Psychomachia 475-476.: fulgentia bullis/ cingula. . . ‘The belt with its shining studs. . .’		SSSSDS Elision: baltea et
Loricas quoque cum galeis detraxerat ollis.			Aeneid 5.260: loricam, quam Demoleo detraxerat ipse. ‘A coat of mail, once torn by his own hand from Demoleo.’		SDDSDS
Quattuor His oneravit equos sponsamque vocatam	1195		Aeneid 3.537: quattuor hic, primum omen, equos in gramine vidi. ‘Here, as a first omen, four steeds I saw on the turf.’		DDDSDS
Imposuit quinto, sextum conscenderat ipse					DSSSDS
Et primus vallo perrexerat ipse revulso.			Aeneid 8.262: foribus. . .revulsis. . . ‘With the doors torn off. . .’		SSSDDS
At dum constricti penetratur semita callis,			Aeneid 9.383: rara per occultos ducebat semita calles. ‘Here and there the path glimmered through the hidden glades.’		SSDSDS
Circumquaque oculis explorans omnia puris			Aeneid 3.513-514.: omnis/ explorat ventos atque auribus aera captat. ‘He tries all the winds, and with eager ear catches the breeze.’ 1.152: arrectisque auribus astant. ‘They stand by with attentive ears.’		SDSSDS Elision: circumquaque oculis
Auribus arrectis ventos captavit et auras,	1200		Aeneid 3.513-514.: omnis/ explorat ventos atque auribus aera captat. ‘He tries all the winds, and with eager ear catches the breeze.’ 1.152: arrectisque auribus astant. ‘They stand by with attentive ears.’		DSSSDS
Si vel mussantes sentiret vel gradientes			Aeineid 11.454: mussantque patres. ‘The fathers moan.’		SSSSDS
Sive superborum crepitantia frena virorum,			Prudentius, Psychomachia 335: bratteolis crepitantia lora. . . ‘The reins with their tinkling gold-foil. . .’		DSDDDS
Seu saltim ferrata sonum daret ungula equorum.		Ferrata…ungula: this is one of the earliest references to horseshoes, unknown in the Classical world.			SSDDDS Elision: ungula equorum
Postquam cuncta silere videt, praevortit onustas			Aeineid 3.518: postquam cuncta videt caelo constare sereno. . . ‘When he sees that all is calm in a cloudless sky. . .’ 9.190: silent late loca. ‘Silence reigns far and wide.’ Statius, Thebaid 10.154: et iam cuncta silent. ‘And now universal silence reigns.’ 8.598: praevertit equos. ‘He turns his horses.’		SDDSDS
Quadrupedes, mulierem etiam praecedere iussit.	1205				DDDSDS Elision: mulierem etiam
Scrinia gestantem comprendens ipse caballum		Comprendens equiv. to agens			DSSSDS
Audet inire viam consueto cinctus amictu.		Amictu equiv. to armis	Aeineid 12.401: succinctus amictu. . . ‘With robe rolled back. . .’		DDSSDS

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Prologue Introduction: the Huns (1–12) The Huns (13–418) The Franks under Gibich surrender to Attila, giving Hagen as a hostage (13–33) The Burgundians under Hereric surrender to Attila, giving Hildegund as a hostage (34–74) The Aquitainians under Alphere surrender to Attila, giving Walther as a hostage (75–92) Experience of the hostages at Attila’s court (93–115) Death of Gibich, flight of Hagen (116–122) Attila’s queen Ospirin advises her husband to ensure Walther’s loyalty by arranging a marriage (123–141) Walther rejects Attila’s offer of a bride (142–169) Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214) The Escape (215–418) Walther returns from battle and encounters Hildegund (215–255) Walther reveals to Hildegund his plans for escaping with Attila’s treasure (256–286) Walther hosts a luxurious banquet for Attila’s court; eventually all his intoxicated guests fall asleep (287–323) Flight of Walther and Hildegund from Attila’s court (324–357) The following day, the escape of Walther and Hildegund is discovered by Ospirin (358–379) Attila is infuriated and vows revenge on Walther, but can find no one willing to dare to pursue him, even for a large reward (380–418) The Single Combats (419–1061) Diplomacy (419–639) Flight of Walther and Hildegund to the area of Worms (419–435) Gunther, King of the Franks, learns of Walther’s presence on his territory and, despite Hagen’s warnings, decides to pursue him for his treasure (436–488) Walther makes his camp in a mountainous area and goes to sleep (489–512) Gunther and his companions approach Walther’s camp; Hagen unsuccessfully tries to dissuade the king from attacking it (513–531) Hildegund sees the Franks approaching and wakes Walther, who calms her fears and prepares for battle; he recognizes Hagen from a distance (532–571) Hagen persuades Gunther to try diplomacy before using force (571–580) Camalo is sent as a messenger to Walther, who offers to make Gunther a gift in return for allowing his passage (581–616) Hagen counsels Gunther to accept the offer, but Gunther rejects this advice, calling him a coward. Insulted, Hagen goes off to a nearby hill (617–639) Combat (640–1061) 1st single combat: Camalo is sent back to Walther, who slays him (640–685) 2nd single combat: Walther slays Kimo/Scaramund, Camalo’s nephew (686–719) Gunther encourages his men (720–724) 3rd single combat: Walther slays Werinhard, a descendant of the Trojan Pandarus (725–753) 4th single combat: Walther slays the Saxon Ekivrid, after an exchange of insults (754–780) 5th single combat: Walther slays Hadawart, after an exchange of insults (781–845) Hagen sees his nephew Patavrid going off to fight Walther and laments the evil wreaked on mankind by greed (846–877) 6th single combat: after trying to dissuade him from fighting, Walther slays Patavrid (878–913) 7th single combat: Walther slays Gerwitus (914–940) Gunther again encourages his men, giving Walther some time to rest (941–961) 8th single combat: Walther is shorn of his hair by Randolf, whom he then slays (962–981) Walther is attacked by Eleuthir/Helmnot, assisted by Trogus, Tanastus, and Gunther; he slays all but Gunther (981–1061) The Final Combat (1062–1452) Gunther tries to persuade Hagen to help him to defeat Waltharius; remembering his wounded honor, Hagen refuses (1062–1088) Hagen changes his mind and agrees to help Gunther, but advises that they must lie low wait until Walther comes down from the mountains into open ground (1089–1129) Walther decides to spend the night in the mountains. He rematches the severed heads with the bodies of his victims, prays for their souls, then sleeps (1130–1187) The following day, Walther and Hildegund set out from the mountains, taking the horses and arms of the defeated warriors (1188–1207) Hildegund perceives Gunther and Hagen approaching to attack; the king addresses Walther (1208–1236) Walther ignores Gunther and pleads with Hagen to remember the bond of their childhood friendship; Hagen counters that Walther has already broken their faith by slaying Patavrid (1237–1279) The fight begins and continues for seven hours; Gunther foolishly tries to retrieve a thrown spear from the ground near Walther and is only saved from death by Hagen’s brave intervention (1280–1345) Walther challenges Hagen; he severs Gunther’s leg, but Hagen again saves the king’s life (1346–1375) Hagen cuts off Walther’s right hand; Walther gouges out one of Hagen’s eyes and, cutting open his cheek, knocks out four teeth (1376–1395) Having wounded each other, the warriors end the battle, drink together, and engage in a friendly exchange of humorous taunt (1396–1442) The warriors return to their respective homes; Walther marries Hildegund and eventually becomes king of the Aquitainians (1443–1452) Epilogue (1453–1456)

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