Difference between revisions of "Waltharius170"
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<br />''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’ | <br />''Aeneid'' 9.566-567. ''undique clamor/ tollitur''. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: ''se tollit ad auras. '' ‘He raises himself to the airs.’ | ||
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<br />''Aeneid'' 7.637: ''classica iamque sonant''. ‘And now the clarion sounds.’ 9.731-732.: ''arma/ horrendum sonuere.'' ‘His armour rang terribly.’ | <br />''Aeneid'' 7.637: ''classica iamque sonant''. ‘And now the clarion sounds.’ 9.731-732.: ''arma/ horrendum sonuere.'' ‘His armour rang terribly.’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''continuo''. . . ‘At once. . .’ 11.610-611.: ''fundunt simul undique tela/ crebra nivis ritu''. ‘Together from all sides they shower weapons as thick as snowflakes.’ 12.408-409.: ''spicula castris/ densa cadunt mediis''. ‘Shafts fall thick in the middle of the camp.’ ''Georgics'' 2.142: ''galeis densisque virum seges horruit hastis''. ‘The fields bristled with the helms and serried lances of warriors.’ | |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''continuo''. . . ‘At once. . .’ 11.610-611.: ''fundunt simul undique tela/ crebra nivis ritu''. ‘Together from all sides they shower weapons as thick as snowflakes.’ 12.408-409.: ''spicula castris/ densa cadunt mediis''. ‘Shafts fall thick in the middle of the camp.’ ''Georgics'' 2.142: ''galeis densisque virum seges horruit hastis''. ‘The fields bristled with the helms and serried lances of warriors.’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.698: ''volat Itala cornus''. ‘The Italian cornel shaft flies.’ 12.267: ''sonitum dat stridula cornus''. ‘The whistling cornel shaft sings.’ 12.714: ''fors et virtus miscentur in unum.'' ‘Chance and valour blend in one.’ | |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.698: ''volat Itala cornus''. ‘The Italian cornel shaft flies.’ 12.267: ''sonitum dat stridula cornus''. ‘The whistling cornel shaft sings.’ 12.714: ''fors et virtus miscentur in unum.'' ‘Chance and valour blend in one.’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.615-616.: ''excussus Aconteus/ fulminis in morem''. . .''praecipitat longe''. ‘Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ | |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.615-616.: ''excussus Aconteus/ fulminis in morem''. . .''praecipitat longe''. ‘Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius'' Psychomachia'' 137: ''vertitur ad capulum manus''. ‘Her ruthless hand turned to her sword-hilt.’ | |{{Parallel|Prudentius'' Psychomachia'' 137: ''vertitur ad capulum manus''. ‘Her ruthless hand turned to her sword-hilt.’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.579-580.: ''vaginaque eripit ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘He snatches his flashing sword from its sheath.’ 9.441-442.: ''instat non setius ac rotat ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘Onward none the less he presses, whirling his lightning blade.’ | |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 4.579-580.: ''vaginaque eripit ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘He snatches his flashing sword from its sheath.’ 9.441-442.: ''instat non setius ac rotat ensem/ fulmineum''. ‘Onward none the less he presses, whirling his lightning blade.’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’ | |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’ | |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.612-613.: ''adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe''. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: ''aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt''. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 255-256.: ''hostem humilem cupiens inpulsu umbonis equini/ sternere. . .'' ‘Eager to upset her lowly enemy with the shock of her horse-hide shield. . .’ | |{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 255-256.: ''hostem humilem cupiens inpulsu umbonis equini/ sternere. . .'' ‘Eager to upset her lowly enemy with the shock of her horse-hide shield. . .’ | ||
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<br />''Aeneid'' 10.513-514.: ''proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen/ ardens limitem agit ferro''. . . ‘With the sword he mows down all the nearest ranks, and fiercely drives a broad path through the host with the steel. . .’ | <br />''Aeneid'' 10.513-514.: ''proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen/ ardens limitem agit ferro''. . . ‘With the sword he mows down all the nearest ranks, and fiercely drives a broad path through the host with the steel. . .’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.783-784.: ''unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages. . .ediderit? '' ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage?’ ''Georgics ''3.246-247.: ''nec funera vulgo/ tam multa informes ursi stragemque dedere''. ‘Never does the shapeless bear spread death and havoc so widely.’ | |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 9.783-784.: ''unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages. . .ediderit? '' ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage?’ ''Georgics ''3.246-247.: ''nec funera vulgo/ tam multa informes ursi stragemque dedere''. ‘Never does the shapeless bear spread death and havoc so widely.’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.91: ''praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.'' ‘All forebodes the sailors’ instant death.’ | |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 1.91: ''praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.'' ‘All forebodes the sailors’ instant death.’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’ | |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 3.563: ''laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit''. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’ | ||
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<br />''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’ | <br />''Aeneid'' 9.686: ''agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere.'' ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’ | ||
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<br />''Aeneid'' 11.618-619.:'' versique Latini/ reiciunt parmas''. ‘The routed Latins cast their shields behind them.’ 11.623: ''hi fugiunt penitusque datis referuntur habenis'' ‘The others flee, and retreat far off with loosened rein.’ ''Georgics'' 2.364: ''palmes agit laxis per purum immisus habenis. . .'' ‘The shoot, speeding through the void with loosened reins. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 1.62-63.: ''qui foedere certo/ et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.'' ‘Who, under fixed covenant, should be skilled to tighten and loosen the reins at command.’ | <br />''Aeneid'' 11.618-619.:'' versique Latini/ reiciunt parmas''. ‘The routed Latins cast their shields behind them.’ 11.623: ''hi fugiunt penitusque datis referuntur habenis'' ‘The others flee, and retreat far off with loosened rein.’ ''Georgics'' 2.364: ''palmes agit laxis per purum immisus habenis. . .'' ‘The shoot, speeding through the void with loosened reins. . .’ ''Aeneid'' 1.62-63.: ''qui foedere certo/ et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.'' ‘Who, under fixed covenant, should be skilled to tighten and loosen the reins at command.’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.758-759.: '' ducis exemplum eventumque secuti/ Maeonidae incurrunt. '' ‘Following their chief’s example and success, Maeonia’s sons attack.’ | |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 11.758-759.: '' ducis exemplum eventumque secuti/ Maeonidae incurrunt. '' ‘Following their chief’s example and success, Maeonia’s sons attack.’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 12.902: ''altior insurgens.'' . . ‘Rising to his height. . .’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 31: ''altior insurgens.'' | |{{Parallel|''Aeneid'' 12.902: ''altior insurgens.'' . . ‘Rising to his height. . .’ Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 31: ''altior insurgens.'' | ||
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' Praefatio 28: ''pellit fugatos, sauciatos proterit. '' ‘[He] drives off in flight those proud kings. . .or cuts them down.’ | |{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' Praefatio 28: ''pellit fugatos, sauciatos proterit. '' ‘[He] drives off in flight those proud kings. . .or cuts them down.’ | ||
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|{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 474: ''belli sub sorte''. . . ‘By the luck of war. . .’ | |{{Parallel|Prudentius, ''Psychomachia'' 474: ''belli sub sorte''. . . ‘By the luck of war. . .’ | ||
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Revision as of 00:54, 27 August 2009
Walther leads the army of the Huns to victory in battle (170–214)
Venerat interea satrapae certissima fama | 170 | Satrapae equiv. to Attilae
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Quandam, quae nuper superata, resistere gentem | Quandam…gentem: since the sudden rebellion is merely a crude plot device, the precise identity of the people is unimportant.
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bellum Hunis confestim inferre paratam. | SSSSDS Elision: confestim inferre Hiatus: bellum Hunis |
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Tunc ad Waltharium convertitur actio rerum. | Action rerum: “the leadership of the expedition”
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Qui mox militiam percensuit ordine totam | SDSDDS | |||||
Et bellatorum confortat corda suorum, | 175 | Confortat equiv. to confirmat
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Liber Regum II 11.25: conforta bellatores. ‘Encourage thy warriors.’ Liber Genesis 18.5: confortate cor vestrum. ‘Strengthen ye your heart.’
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Hortans praeteritos semper memorare triumphos | SDSDDS | |||||
Promittensque istos solita virtute tyrannos | Tyrannos equiv. to rebelles (here)
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Prudentius, Psychomachia 155-156.: ‘vicimus,’ inquit,/ ‘exultans Vitium solita virtute.’ ‘ “We have overcome,” he said, “a proud Vice with our wonted virtue.” ’ Aeneid 11.415: quamquam o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset! ‘If only we had any of our wonted valour!’
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SSDSDS Elision: promittensque istos |
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Sternere et externis terrorem imponere terris. | DSSSDS Elision: sternere et; terrorem imponere |
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Nec mora, consurgit sequiturque exercitus omnis. | Aeneid 11.597-598.: At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
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DSDSDS Elision: sequiturque exercitus |
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Ecce locum pugnae conspexerat et numeratam | 180 | The description of the battle that follows reworks a scene from the Aeneid (11.597 ff.) while attempting some limited level of verisimilitude in its depiction of medieval warfare. The warriors fight on horseback (a practice adopted by the Franks in Carolingian times), first with arrows and javelins from afar (the practice of the Hungarian Avars), and then in hand-to-hand combat with swords (not found in the scene from the Aeneid).
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Aeneid 11.597-598.: At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,/ Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis/ compositi numero in turmas. ‘But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons.’
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Per latos aciem campos digessit et agros. | Aeneid 11.599: compositi numero in turmas. . . ‘Marshalled by number into squadrons. . .’
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Iamque infra iactum teli congressus uterque | Aeneid 11.608-609.: iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore. ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
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Constiterat cuneus: tunc undique clamor ad auras | Aeneid 11.608-609.: iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque/ substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore. ‘And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth.’
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Tollitur, horrendam confundunt classica vocem, | Aeneid 9.566-567. undique clamor/ tollitur. ‘On all sides a shout goes up.’ 2.699: se tollit ad auras. ‘He raises himself to the airs.’
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Continuoque hastae volitant hinc indeque densae. | 185 | Aeneid 11.612-613.: continuo. . . ‘At once. . .’ 11.610-611.: fundunt simul undique tela/ crebra nivis ritu. ‘Together from all sides they shower weapons as thick as snowflakes.’ 12.408-409.: spicula castris/ densa cadunt mediis. ‘Shafts fall thick in the middle of the camp.’ Georgics 2.142: galeis densisque virum seges horruit hastis. ‘The fields bristled with the helms and serried lances of warriors.’
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DSDSDS Elision: H-ELISION: continuoque hastae |
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Fraxinus et cornus ludum miscebat in unum, | Fraxinus et cornus: by metonymy, the wooden spears.
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Aeneid 9.698: volat Itala cornus. ‘The Italian cornel shaft flies.’ 12.267: sonitum dat stridula cornus. ‘The whistling cornel shaft sings.’ 12.714: fors et virtus miscentur in unum. ‘Chance and valour blend in one.’
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Fulminis inque modum cuspis vibrata micabat. | In modum equiv. to instar
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Aeneid 11.615-616.: excussus Aconteus/ fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe. ‘Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’
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Ac veluti boreae sub tempore nix glomerata | DDSDDS | |||||
Spargitur, haud aliter saevas iecere sagittas. | DDSSDS | |||||
Postremum cunctis utroque ex agmine pilis | 190 | SSSSDS Elision: utroque ex |
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Absumptis manus ad mucronem vertitur omnis: | Prudentius Psychomachia 137: vertitur ad capulum manus. ‘Her ruthless hand turned to her sword-hilt.’
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Fulmineos promunt enses clipeosque revolvunt, | Clipeosque revolvunt: variously explained. The warriors are either throwing back their shields or taking them up again having already done so, in preparation for combat (cf. restaurant in the following line).
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Aeneid 4.579-580.: vaginaque eripit ensem/ fulmineum. ‘He snatches his flashing sword from its sheath.’ 9.441-442.: instat non setius ac rotat ensem/ fulmineum. ‘Onward none the less he presses, whirling his lightning blade.’
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Concurrunt acies demum pugnamque restaurant. | Aeneid 11.612-613.: adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
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Pectoribus partim rumpuntur pectora equorum, | The thought of this line parallels that of the next: some of both the horses and the men were killed merely by being crushed against one another while armed in the stampede of battle.
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Aeneid 11.612-613.: adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus/ conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam/ dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum/ pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem. . .praecipitat longe. ‘At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away.’ 10.360-361.: aciesque Latinae/ concurrunt. ‘The ranks of Latium clash.’
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DSSSDS Elision: pectora equorum |
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Sternitur et quaedam pars duro umbone virorum. | 195 | Prudentius, Psychomachia 255-256.: hostem humilem cupiens inpulsu umbonis equini/ sternere. . . ‘Eager to upset her lowly enemy with the shock of her horse-hide shield. . .’
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DSSSDS Elision: duro umbone |
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Waltharius tamen in medio furit agmine bello, | Aeineid 11.762: qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
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Obvia quaeque metens armis ac limite pergens. | Aeineid 11.762: qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo. . . ‘Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury. . .’
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Hunc ubi conspiciunt hostes tantas dare strages, | Aeneid 9.783-784.: unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus/ aggeribus tantas strages. . .ediderit? ‘My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage?’ Georgics 3.246-247.: nec funera vulgo/ tam multa informes ursi stragemque dedere. ‘Never does the shapeless bear spread death and havoc so widely.’
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Ac si praesentem metuebant cernere mortem, | Ac si: qualifying praesentem, not beginning a clause.
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Aeneid 1.91: praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem. ‘All forebodes the sailors’ instant death.’
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Et quemcunque locum, seu dextram sive sinistram, | 200 | Aeneid 3.563: laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
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SDSSDS | |||
Waltharius peteret, cuncti mox terga dederunt | Aeneid 3.563: laevam cuncta cohors. . .petivit. ‘Leftward all our force plied.’
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DDSSDS | ||||
Et versis scutis laxisque feruntur habenis. | Versis scutis: they put their shields on their backs to protect them as they flee.
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Aeneid 9.686: agminibus totis qut versi terga dedere. ‘With all their columns [they] are routed and turn to flight.’
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SSSDDS | |||
Tunc imitata ducem gens maxima Pannoniarum | Aeneid 11.758-759.: ducis exemplum eventumque secuti/ Maeonidae incurrunt. ‘Following their chief’s example and success, Maeonia’s sons attack.’
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DDSDDS | ||||
Saevior insurgit caedemque audacior auget, | Aeneid 12.902: altior insurgens. . . ‘Rising to his height. . .’ Prudentius, Psychomachia 31: altior insurgens.
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DSSSDS Elision: caedemque audacior |
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Deicit obstantes, fugientes proterit usque, | 205 | Prudentius, Psychomachia Praefatio 28: pellit fugatos, sauciatos proterit. ‘[He] drives off in flight those proud kings. . .or cuts them down.’
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DSDSDS | |||
Dum caperet plenum belli sub sorte triumphum. | Belli sub sorte: “in the outcome of the battle”
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Prudentius, Psychomachia 474: belli sub sorte. . . ‘By the luck of war. . .’
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DSSSDS | |||
Tum super occisos ruit et spoliaverat omnes. | DSDDDS | |||||
Et tandem ductor recavo vocat agmina cornu | Aeineid 7.513-514.: cornuque recurvo/ Tartaream intendit vocem. ‘On the twisted horn [she] strains her hellish voice.’ 3.239: dat signum specula Misenus ab alta/ aere cavo. ‘Misenus on his hollow brass gave the signal from his watch aloft.’ Prudentius, Psychomachia 422: recavo misceret labra palato. ‘[She] beats the lips into the arched mouth.’ Aeneid 7.508: vocat agmina Tyrrhus. ‘Tyrrhus summons his bands.’
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SSDDDS | ||||
Ac primus frontem festa cum fronde revinxit, | Aeneid 5.71-72.: ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: sequitur tum cetera pubes. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . . ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
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SSSSDS | ||||
Victrici lauro cingens sua timpora vulgo, | 210 | Timpora equiv. to tempora
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Aeneid 5.71-72.: ‘. . .cingite tempora ramis.’/ Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto./ hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes/ hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. ‘ “. . .Weathe your brows with leaves.” So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mother’s myrtle. Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following.’ 7.614: sequitur tum cetera pubes. ‘Then the rest of the warriors take up the cry.’ 4.459: velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum. . . ‘Wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. . .’
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SSSDDS | ||
Post hunc signiferi, sequitur quos cetera pubes. | SDDSDS | |||||
Iamque triumphali redierunt stemmate compti | DSDSDS | |||||
Et patriam ingressi propria se quisque locavit | DSDSDS Elision: patriam ingressi |
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Sede, sed ad solium mox Waltharius properavit. | DDSDDS |
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