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Introduction (geographical and historical): 1-10 The Huns (also equated with the Pannonians and Avars): 11-418 Their king is Attila, their queen Osperin. The Franks. Their king is Gibich. His son is Gunther. An unrelated Hagen is sent as hostage to the Huns, because Gunther is too young. The Burgundians. Their king is Hereric. His daughter, Hildegund, is sent as hostage to the Huns. The Aquitainians. Their king is Albhere. His son, Walter, is sent as hostage to the Huns. Gibich dies, Gunther becomes king of the Franks, and Hagen flees to Frankland. Attila attempts in vain to persuade Walter to marry a Hun. Walter is victorious as the general of the Huns. The Single Combats: 419-1061 The Final Combat: 1062-1452 Epilogue: 1453-1456

Tertia pars orbis, fratres, Europa vocatur,		DSSSDS	Tertia pars orbis: as opposed to Africa and Asia, a division found as early as Herodotus (2.16). Fratres: suggests that the poem could have been read in a monastic context.	Lucan, De Bello Civili 9.411-412.: Tertia pars rerum Libye, si credere famae/ Cuncta velis; at, si ventos caelumque sequaris,/ Pars erit Europae. ‘Libya is the third continent of the world, if one is willing in all things to trust report; but, if you judge by the winds and the sky, you will find it to be part of Europe.’		Test a student comment. -RRO
Moribus ac linguis varias et nomine gentes		DSDSDS		Aeneid 8.722-723.: gentes,/ quam variae linguis, habitu tam vestis et armis. ‘Peoples as diverse in fashion of dress and arms as in tongues.’ Prudentius, Contra Orationem Symmachi 2.586-587.: discordes linguis populos et dissona cultu/ regna volens sociare Deus. . . ‘God, wishing to bring into partnership peoples of different speech and realms of discordant manners. . .’
Distinguens cultu tum religione sequestrans.		SSSDDS	Sequestrans: “separating”
Inter quas gens Pannoniae residere probatur,		SSDDDS	Pannonia: Roman province in the north-west Balkans, according to the poet the homeland of the “Huns” (Hunos, line 5), a nomadic tribe that invaded Europe from the east, beginning around 370 A.D.
Quam tamen et Hunos plerumque vocare solemus.	5	DSSDDS
Hic populus fortis virtute vigebat et armis,		DSSDDS
Non circumpositas solum domitans regiones,		SDSDDS		Liber I Macchabeorum 1.1-2.: Et factum est postquam percussit Alexander Philippi Macedo qui primus regnavit in Graecia egressus de terra Cetthim Darium regem Persarum et Medorum constituit proelia multa et omnium obtinuit munitiones et interfecit reges terrae et pertransiit usque ad fines terrae. ‘Now it came to pass, after that Alexander the son of Philip the Macedonian, who first reigned in Greece, coming out of the land of Cethim, had overthrown Darius king of the Persians and Medes: he fought many battles, and took the strong holds of all, and slew the kings of the earth: and he went through even to the ends of the earth.’
Litoris oceani sed pertransiverat oras,		DDSSDS		Aeneid 3.396: has autem terras Italique hanc litoris oram. . . ‘But these lands, and this nearest border of the Italian shore. . .’ Virgil, Georgics 2.44: ades et primi lege litoris oram. ‘Draw nigh, and skirt the near shoreline.’
Foedera supplicibus donans sternensque rebelles.		DDSSDS		Aeneid 6.851-852.: tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento/ (hae tibi erunt artes), pacique imponere morem,/ parcere subiectis et debellare superbos. ‘You, Roman, be sure to rule the world (be these your arts), to crown peace with justice, to spare the vanquished and to crush the proud.’
Ultra millenos fertur dominarier annos.	10	SSSDDS