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# Germanic Features
 
# Germanic Features
 
#* Language
 
#* Language
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#*# Words: e.g., ''wantus'' (Latinization of a Germanic Word for Glove) in 1426
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1. Words: e.g., wantus (Latinization of a Germanic Word for Glove) in 1426
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#*# Names
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2. Names
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#*#* Hagen, Old High German [=OHG] ''*hagan-dorn'' ("hawthorn"), and Latin ''paliurus'' ("hawthorn") in 1351; "thorny Hagen" in 1421
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a. Hagen, Old High German [=OHG] *hagan-dorn ("hawthorn"), and Latin paliurus ("hawthorn") in 1351; "thorny Hagen" in 1421
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#*#* Walter as ''Faunus'', a Forest Spirit, in 763: OHG ''walt-herr'' ("forest lord")
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b. Walter as Faunus, a Forest Spirit, in 763: OHG walt-herr ("forest lord")
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#* Tradition
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B. Tradition
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#*# Myth: "Wayland's work" in 965; perhaps Walter's bird-like qualities in 803-804
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1. Myth: "Wayland's work" in 965; perhaps Walter's bird-like qualities in 803-804
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#*# Oral Tradition and Variation: "Kimo, whom some say is Scaramund" in 688
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2. Oral Tradition and Variation: "Kimo, whom some say is Scaramund" in 688
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#*# Knowledge of Germanic Past
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3. Knowledge of Germanic Past
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#*#* Ethnography: Nibelung Franks ("Franci nebulones") in 555
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a. Ethnography: Nibelung Franks ("Franci nebulones") in 555
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#*#* Antiquarianism: Weapon in 919, Cup in 308-309
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b. Antiquarianism: Weapon in 919, Cup in 308-309
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#*# Knowledge of Germanic Social Structures, Practices, and Values  
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4. Knowledge of Germanic Social Structures, Practices, and Values  
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#*#* Drinking (Discussed in Tacitus, ''Germania'' 22-23 [A.D. 98])
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a. Drinking (Discussed in Tacitus, Germania 22-23 [A.D. 98])
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#*#* Bands of Retainers/Followers (Called ''comitatus'' in Tacitus)
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b. Bands of Retainers/Followers (Called comitatus in Tacitus)
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#*#* Gold Rings in 403-407, 613-614, and Elsewhere
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c. Gold Rings in 403-407, 613-614, and Elsewhere
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#*#* Pride in Glory and Greed for Wealth
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d. Pride in Glory and Greed for Wealth
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# Classical Features
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#* Lines and Phrases: Only Twelve Entire Lines from Vergil, but Many Phrases
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III. Classical Features
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#* Similes, e.g., Numidian Bear in 1337-1345 (''Aeneid'' 10.707) and Oak in 827-828 (''Aeneid'' 6.180)
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A. Lines and Phrases: Only Twelve Entire Lines from Vergil, but Many Phrases
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#* The Gods: Bacchus, Mars, Phoebus, Fortuna, Orcus
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B. Similes, e.g., Numidian Bear in 1337-1345 (Aeneid 10.707) and Oak in 827-828 (Aeneid 6.180)
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#* Customs: Walter Wreathed in Laurel in 210
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C. The Gods: Bacchus, Mars, Phoebus, Fortuna, Orcus
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#* Trojan Origins: Hagen in 28, Werinhard in 737
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D. Customs: Walter Wreathed in Laurel in 210
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# Christian Features
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E. Trojan Origins: Hagen in 28, Werinhard in 737
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#* Numerology: Forty in 428-429 (Jesus in Wilderness) and the Twelve Followers of Gunther
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#* Personification in 779
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#* Brothers in 1
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#* Sign of Cross and Sacrament of Wine in 224-230  
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#* Celibacy in 426-427 and 545-547
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IV. Christian Features
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#* Prayers for Support of God in 552-553 and 1161-1167
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A. Numerology: Forty in 428-429 (Jesus in Wilderness) and the Twelve Followers of Gunther
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#* Repenting of Pride and Trusting in Providence in 702-704
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B. Personification in 779
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#* The Timorous Hildegund: a Monastic Invention?
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C. ABrothers@ in 1
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# Syncretism
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D. Sign of Cross and Sacrament of Wine in 224-230  
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#* Three
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E. Celibacy in 426-427 and 545-547
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#*# Christian Trinity in Gerald's Prologue
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F. Prayers for Support of God in 552-553 and 1161-1167
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#*# Classical division of Geographical Areas into Three Parts
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G. Repenting of Pride and Trusting in Providence in 702-704
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#*#* Europe, Africa, Asia
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H. The Timorous Hildegund: a Monastic Invention?
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#*#* Caesar: "Gaul is a whole divided into three parts..."
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#*# Germanic Reality: The Three Divisions of Charlemagne's Empire
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IV. Syncretism
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#*# The Three Warriors and the Sacrament of Wine
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A. Three
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#* Arguments against Marriage
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1. Christian Trinity in Gerald's Prologue
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#*# Germanic [found in Tacitus, ''Germania'' 31]
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2. Classical division of Geographical Areas into Three Parts
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#*# Christian [we will see them in Heloise]
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a. Europe, Africa, Asia
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#* The Escape from Attila's Palace
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b. Caesar: "Gaul is a whole divided into three parts..."
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#*# Germanic in 322-323: Fate of Palace in Old Norse Lay about Attila (''Atlakviða'')
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3. Germanic Reality: The Three Divisions of Charlemagne's Empire
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#*# Classical in 358 and elsewhere: Fate of Troy in Vergil's ''Aeneid''
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4. The Three Warriors and the Sacrament of Wine
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#*# Christian Disapproval of Excess in 290: "extravagance reigned"
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B. Arguments against Marriage
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#* The Ending
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1. Germanic [found in Tacitus, Germania 31]
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#*# Germanic: Battlefield Boasting in Epics
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2. Christian [we will see them in Heloise]
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#*# Christian: Possible Christian Meaning
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C. The Escape from Attila's Palace
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#*#* Exodus 21.22-25 "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth"
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1. Germanic in 322-323: Fate of Palace in Old Norse Lay about Attila (Atlakviða)
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#*#* Mark 9.42-48 (the foot mentioned in 1402) "if your foot causes you to sin, cut if off"
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2. Classical in 358 and elsewhere: Fate of Troy in Vergil=s Aeneid
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#*#* Matthew 5.30 "if your right hand causes your downfall, cut it off and fling it away"
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3. Christian Disapproval of Excess in 290: "extravagance reigned"
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# Conflict between Germanic and Christian Values
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D. The Ending
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#* Riches
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1. Germanic: Battlefield Boasting in Epics
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#*# Importance of Riches to the Germanic comitatus
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2. Christian: Possible Christian Meaning
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#*#* Walter's Acquisition of Wealth: a Wrong Against his Lord?
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a. Exodus 21.22-25 "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth"
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#*#* Walter's Attachment to His Wealth in 561-563 and 1215-1218
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b. Mark 9.42-48 (the foot mentioned in 1402) "if your foot causes you to sin, cut if off"
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#*# Hagen's and Gunther's Reactions to Walter's Return
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c. Matthew 5.30 "if your right hand causes your downfall, cut it off and fling it away"
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#*# Hagen's Homily against Greed in 857-877--and the Poet's Comment in 1404
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#* Friendship and Feud in 700-701
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V. Conflict between Germanic and Christian Values
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#* Duty to One's Lord vs. Friendship
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A. Riches
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#*# The Obligatory Loyalty of a Retainer (Tacitus, ''Germania'' 14)
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1. Importance of Riches to the Germanic comitatus
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#*# Hagen's Decision in 1366 to Enter Battle
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a. Walter=s Acquisition of Wealth: a Wrong Against his Lord?
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b. Walter=s Attachment to His Wealth in 561-563 and 1215-1218
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2. Hagen's and Gunther's Reactions to Walter's Return
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3. Hagen's Homily against Greed in 857-877--and the Poet's Comment in 1404
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B. Friendship and Feud in 700-701
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C. Duty to One's Lord vs. Friendship
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1. The Obligatory Loyalty of a Retainer (Tacitus, Germania 14)
 +
2. Hagen's Decision in 1366 to Enter Battle

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